What are the rules around e-bikes?

Police seizures of e-bikes have soared.

Here the PA news agency answers 10 key questions on the issue.

– What are e-bikes?

Bikes with a rechargeable battery and an electric motor, meaning they are generally heavier than normal bikes.

– Who can ride an e-bike?

Anyone aged 14 or over.

– Do riders need a licence or helmet?

No.

– Do e-bikes need to be registered, taxed or insured?

No.

– Where can e-bikes be ridden?

Anywhere a conventional bike can be used, including on cycle lanes and paths as well as roads.

– What are the rules for e-bike electric motors?

They must have a maximum power output of 250 watts and must cut out when the e-bike reaches a speed of 15.5mph.

– What is the requirement for e-bikes that can be propelled without pedalling?

Machines with a so-called twist and go throttle – meaning the motor can work without the pedals being turned – must be type approved by the Government, which confirms they meet certain regulatory standards.

– What must e-bikes display?

Either the power output or the manufacturer of the motor, and either the battery’s voltage or the maximum speed of the bike with electric assistance.

– What if a machine fails to meet these requirements?

It is classed as a motorbike or moped and must be registered and taxed.

Riders must hold a driving licence and wear a helmet.

– What are the main concerns about illegally modified e-bikes?

That their speed and weight is a potentially a lethal combination in collisions with pedestrians.